Exploring the physical properties and grading systems that shape cashew value
Cashew quality evaluation and grading are critical steps in the cashew value chain, determining not only marketability but also the price premium that farmers and exporters can command. For producers in Ghana, understanding these quality indices is essential for improved earnings and export competitiveness.
What is cashew quality?
Cashew quality goes beyond just kernel size. It includes a combination of physical and sensory attributes, such as:
- Kernel size and weight
- Shape and colour (ivory or pale kernels often fetch higher prices)
- Moisture content and freedom from mould or insect damage
- Absence of foreign matter or off-odour
These attributes influence where the kernels are graded and the price tier they achieve in the global marketplace.
Cashew grading explained
Cashew grading is a standardized classification that helps buyers, processors and farmers speak the same quality language. Grading systems use kernel size, count per pound, colour and type (whole, broken, splits) to assign grades such as:
- W210, W240 (large whole kernels)
- SW, LP (small whole or large pieces)
- SP, BB (smaller pieces and broken bits)
High grades such as W210 command premium prices as they serve export markets with stringent quality demands, especially in Europe and North America. Lower grades are used in processed products and local consumption markets.
Why grading matters for Ghanaian farmers
For smallholder farmers in Ghana, quality and grading awareness translates directly into income. Nuts that meet desired international quality thresholds avoid downgrading penalties and can be sold to processors and export buyers at higher prices. Improving field practices such as careful harvesting, prompt drying and proper storage reduces defects, shrinkage and quality loss.
Best practices for quality improvement
- Timely harvesting before over-maturity or pest damage
- Sun drying to optimum moisture levels
- Clean storage systems free from moisture or pests
- Participating in farmer field schools or extension services for updates on best practices
By embedding quality consciousness from farm to market, Ghana’s producers can consistently deliver premium cashew that meets global demand and elevates farmer livelihoods.